DIODE
A diode is a polarized electrical device. That means it allows electricity to flow in only one direction.
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CAPACITOR
Capacitor is a component that stores and releases electrical energy in a circuit. Capacitors are often placed across power and ground close to a sensor or motor. The ability of a capacitor to store electrical energy is called Capacitance and is measured in farad (F) . The capacitance of most capacitors are in the range microfarad (0.000001 farads) to picofarad (0.000000000001 farads) . A component that stores and releases electrical energy in a circuit. When the circuit’s voltage is higher than what is stored in the capacitor, it allows current to flow in, giving the capacitor a charge. When the circuit’s voltage is lower, the stored charge is released. Capacitors are measured in farads. One farad is a lot of capacitance, so most capacitors are in the microfarad (0.000001 farads) or even picofarad (0.000000000001 farads) range. Capacitors are often placed across power and ground close to a sensor or motor to help smooth changes in voltage.
LED
Light Emitting Diode (LED) is a component that emits light when current passes through it. It has two terminals (leads/wires): Anode (long) Cathode (short) They allow current to flow in one direction (anode to cathode). Therefore, the anode should be connected to the positive terminal and the cathode should be connected to the negative terminal. They come in different shapes, sizes, and colors and are often used as indicators on electronic devices. On some LEDs, the cathode side of the LED has a flat edge.
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